! Dos * Use faces if you want to grab attention * Put things you want people to focus on (most important information) about 30% from the top and 30% from the left margin * Provide affordance cues * Put items you want to be seen as belonging together in proximity * Use all-caps text only for headlines and when you need to get someone's attention * Provide meaningful titles and headlines * Break text up into chunks * Limit the choices or item to 3 or 4. If that isn't possible try to organize the items into groups and try to limit those to 3 or 4. * Eliminate memory load wherever possible * Use progressive disclosure * Organize information for the audience as much as possible. (4 items rule) * Provide progress indicator when possible * To overcome confirmation bias, try to get a small commitment to an action that goes against the confirming belief. * Make undoing easy * Enable bulk-processing instead of requiring to perform the same task over and over * If an event rarely occurs, but needs to be noticed use a strong signal when it happens. * Assume you have at most 7 to 10 minutes of a person's attention. * To counter act groupthink, submit group decisions to an outsider's review. * Tell stories * When errors could lead to accidents or loss of human life, use a system like HFACS to analyze and prevent errors. * Resist the impulse to provide your customers whit a large number of choices * If you want someone to make a habit-based decision, give them littel informatiion * If you want someone to make a value-based decision, give them more informatiion ! Don'ts * Don't put animation in the periphal vision if you want users to concentrate on a certain part of the screen * Don't put task-related information at the edges * Don't put red+blue or red+green near each other * Don't use blue or green text on red background * Don't use red or green text on blue background * Avoid putting important information in the middle of a presentation. * Do not rely on people's memory for information which is really important. People always forget. * Don't let the conceptual model "emerge" from technology, design it purposefully * Avoid to generalize results from psychology research if you know that the study participants are all from one and the same geographical region ! Facts * Shading and colors can be used to make it look like some things go together and other's don't * If you want to grab visual attention quickly, less is more * There are a lot of color blind people * A longer line length (80 to 100 characters per line) are better for reading quickly, but shorter length (45 to 72 chars) are prefered by readers. * Remebering something needs repetion * Concrete terms/icons are easier to remember than abstract ideas or images * Information in the middle of presentation is the least likely to be remembered. * Do not rely on people's memory for information which is really important. People always forget. * Making people think or recall something from memory requires the most mental resources * The best way to change a belief is to get someone to commit to something very small * People always have a mental models, which they get from past experience. Mental models are individual. * The better conceptual model matches the mental model of the audience the better the user experience. * Stories are the natural way people process information. Using them makes information understandable, interesting and memorable. * People learn best by example * Focussing attention on one thing is possible, but selective * People are bad at multitasking, regardless of how old they are or whether or not they like it. * You can get a lot of attention with food, sex or danger. * The shorter the distance to the goal, the more motivated people are to reach it. This can even be achieved with an illusion of progress. * People are motivated to keep seeking information (dopamine system) * Watching someone else do something influences behavior of watcher * Don't rely on reading alone if you want people to understand information clearly * The more cohesive your team is, the more you need to watch out for "groupthink". * Information is processed more deeply and remembered longer if it is in story form * People like pastoral scenes * Color, font, layout and navigation are critical in making it through the "trust rejection" phase * Brands are a shortcut * People hate it when choices they once had are being taken away ! Goals * Grabbing attention * Forstering concentration * Making people focus * Make items seem as belonging together * Make stuff for people with non-perfect vision * Reduce cognitive/memory load * Change beliefs / overcome cognitive biases * Make the conceptual model match the menat models * Makes information understandable, interesting and memorable * Influence behaviour * Anticipate mistakes & errors, prevent them, handle them gracefully * Help people make good decistions --- Raw notes: ! How people see * Shading and colors can be used to make it look like some things go together and other's don't * Don't put animation in the periphal vision if you want users to concentrate on a certain part of the screen * Use faces if you want to grab attention * If you want to grab visual attention quickly, less is more * Put things you want people to focus on (most important information) about 30% from the top and 30% from the left margin * Don't put task-related information at the edges * Provide affordance cues * Put items you want to be seen as belonging together in proximity * Don't put red+blue or red+green near each other * Don't use blue or green text on red background * Don't use red or green text on blue background * There are a lot of color blind people ! How people read * Use all-caps text only for headlines and when you need to get someone's attention * Provide meaningful titles and headlines * Break text up into chunks * A longer line length (80 to 100 characters per line) are better for reading quickly, but shorter length (45 to 72 chars) are prefered by readers. ! How people remember * Limit the choices or item to 3 or 4. If that isn't possible try to organize the items into groups and try to limit those to 3 or 4. * Remebering something needs repetion * Eliminate memory load wherever possible * Concrete terms/icons are easier to remember than abstract ideas or images * Information in the middle of presentation is the least likely to be remembered. So avoid putting important information there. * Do not rely on people's memory for information which is really important. People always forget. ! How people think * Use progressive disclosure * Making people think or recall something from memory requires the most mental resources * The best way to change a belief is to get someone to commit to something very small * People always have a mental models, which they get from past experience. Mental models are individual. * Don't let the conceptual model "emerge" from technology, design it purposefully * The better conceptual model matches the mental model of the audience the better the user experience. * Stories are the natural way people process information. Using them makes information understandable, interesting and memorable. * People learn best by example * Organize information for the audience as much as possible. (4 items rule) * Provide progress indicator when possible * To overcome confirmation bias, try to get a small commitment to an action that goes against the confirming belief. * Avoid to generalize results from psychology research if you know that the study participants are all from one and the same geographical region ! How people focus their attention * Focussing attention on one thing is possible, but selective * Make undoing easy * Enable bulk-processing instead of requiring to perform the same task over and over * If an event rarely occurs, but needs to be noticed use a strong signal when it happens. * Assume you have at most 7 to 10 minutes of a person's attention. * People are bad at multitasking, regardless of how old they are or whether or not they like it. * You can get a lot of attention with food, sex or danger. ! What motivates people * The shorter the distance to the goal, the more motivated people are to reach it. This can even be achieved with an illusion of progress. * People are motivated to keep seeking information (dopamine system) ! People are social animal * Watching someone else do something influences behavior of watcher * Don't rely on reading alone if you want people to understand information clearly * Faking a smile is possible, but in a video it's harder than in a static picture. ! How people feel * The more cohesive your team is, the more you need to watch out for "groupthink". To counter act this, submit group decisions to an outsider's review. * Information is processed more deeply and remembered longer if it is in story form * People like pastoral scenes * Color, font, layout and navigation are critical in making it through the "trust rejection" phase * Brands are a shortcut ! People make mistakes * When errors could lead to accidents or loss of human life, use a system like HFACS to analyze and prevent errors. ! How people decide * Resist the impulse to provide your customers whit a large number of choices * People hate it when choices they once had are being taken away * If you want someone to make a habit-based decision, give them littel informatiion * If you want someone to make a value-based decision, give them more informatiion --- Repeated ideas: * 3-4 Items * Importance of stories --- Geons 24 primitive Objekte genügen für alle möglichen Formen. https://geon.usc.edu/~biederman/publications/Biederman_RBC_1987.pdf